Hydraulic press



G. WEBB. Hydraulic Press.

Patented Jan. 13,1880.

` N1PETERS. FHOTO-LTHDGRAPHER. WASHINGTON. D C.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE WEBB, OF JOHNSTOWN, PENNSYLVANIA.

HYDRAULIC PRESS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 223,568, dated January 13, 1880.

' Application filed July 1, 1879.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE WEBB, Vof Johnstown, Cambria county, in the State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements relating to Hydraulic Presses, of which the following is a specification.

I make, in effect, two or more hydraulic presses, strongly mounted one over the other.

io The piston in the upper and largest cylinder of these receives the steam, water, or other" fluid under a tolerable pressure, and by diffen ence of area between thisl piston an'd its plunger and by the motion of its plunger it exerts `3c gots of steel, and I will so describe it.

In compressing steel ingots the motion need be but little; but the force required is great. My invention is eminently adapted for this use; but it will be understood that it may be used in other situations. It maybe used generally where pressure is required. Y

Figure l representsa vertical section through the center of myimproved press. Fig. 2 is ahorizontal section on the line X X, Fig. 1, on a 4o smaller scale. Fig. 3 is a vertical section of the apparatus, showin g the upper piston drawn up out of its working position, so as to replenishthe oil in the chamber H.

In the drawings, P is a stout bed-plate; O, tie-rods, held by stout nuts 0'; and P P2 P3, a series of crossplates. Gis the main cylinder,

i inclosing a piston, g, which works a plunger, g. F is a pipe bringing steam or water at the highest available pressure from any suitable 5o reservoir. F is a valve whichcontrols it.

The working of the piston g and its cona greater pressure on a quantity of oil or non- The force of thelatteris nected plunger g' by the admission of steam of well-known hydraulic presses.

H is the second cylinder, and ha stout pis-` ton working therein and operating a connected plunger, h', The iiuid above the piston'in the cylinder H remains constantly imprisoned. It may be oil, water, water with glycerine, or any other suitable fluid adapted to endure the conditions. The pressure in this cylinder PI is induced by the descent of the plunger g. The

pends upon the difference of area between the piston h and the plunger g. a

A A2 represents an in got-mold, made of castiron, in sections. B B2, Snc., are stout clamps, which hold the sections strongly together and enable them to resist great pressure.

The metal for the ingot is supplied in afluid state while the ingot-inold is in a ditferent place. It is moved into line with the plunger h and planted strongly on the bed-plate A to receive the pressure.

E is a piece ot' cast metal, which I term a set. It is adapted to exactly ll the top of the ingot-mold and to transmit the pressure from the plunger It' to the metal of the in got.

In order to raise the piston h, I allow water or steam to flow through pipe I into the annular space under said piston. The valve steam through the pipe. I employ a corresponding pipe, J, controlled by a corresponding valve, to admit iiuid under pressure to the under side of the piston g, and raise it also. In case of deran gement of J, o r in the absence thereof, the rise of the piston 7L will apply a pressure on the Huid above it, and this lifting on the lower end of the plunger g will lift the piston g.

Q is a vessel adapted to receive, by hand or to the iiuid above the piston g, to compensate for losses by leakage or otherwise. It is corrnected by a pipe, q, to the passage g in the cross-plate P2. This passage terminates, as

when the piston and plunger g' are in their working position the end` of the plunger g will be below the oritice or pipe in cross-plate P2, and no duid or oilcan escape that way.

or water may be in all respects similar to that mechanical effect of this second cylinder deotherwise, additional oil or water, to be added i controls the ingress and egress of water or shown, against the side ol the plunger, so that i IOO When it is required to replenish the oil above the piston g, I raise the piston g and plunger g' by means of alever or pulley-tackle applied to the Lipper end of the rod b2, so as to raise the lower end of the plunger g above the mouth of the passage q in the cross-plate P2, thereby allowing the oil to freely tlow into the space above the piston g; but so soon as the space is filled with oil I drop the piston and plunger' to theirgvorking position, when the lower end of the plunger g will again close the passage q and prevent the escape of oil therethrough.

It will be observed that the cylinder H is hooped and adapted to resist the pressure very efficiently. Vhen the plunger g forcibly descends and exerts the required great pressure in the uid in H, the latter li-fts strongly on `the annular space around the plunger g in the upper part ofthe cylinder H. l esteem it preferable to transmit this lifting force through the walls of the stout cylinder Gr to the upper cross-plate, P3, so that the whole of the upward strain may be received on the nuts O.

My press may be used for general purposes wherever a very great force is required. It will be useful in most classes of heavy presses, as well as in machines for stamping, punching, shearing, and similar purposes, as lalso in pressing various materials, as hay, cotton, and thelike.

By this invention, quick-acting, positive, and relatively free from friction, it is possible to press steel on a scale of magnitude equal to the requirements of any works manufacturing ingots in a dense and perfect condition. ltis also practicable, by its aid, to make carwheels, axles, bearings, and other'steel shapes at one operation.

I do not esteem it new simply to produce ingots and shapesl by compression on the melted Steel; but this press makes it possible to do the desirable work on a very economical scale. Pressure has not been used generally heretofore, because no suitable press has been made to work on a scale of practice.

Among the miscellaneous uses to which my invention is adapted, I esteem the application of a great force on water or other inelastic fluid to produce a mechanical eifect at a distance, in the manner of an accumulator, as has long been known, and is much used in ironinills to lift molds, adjust rolls, Ste.

Any mechanical effect which requires only a simple motion to a moderate extent can, by this means, be effected at a distance by the employment of a suitable strong piston and cylinder at the desired point and connecting the points by a strong' and sufficiently-large pipe.

I can use my invention also, in the manner of a pump, to force water for this purpose into a space under a heavily-loaded piston, 'usually known as an accumulaton rlhe water or oil thus conditioned is available, by the opening of a cock or equivalent valve, to effect the desired result, either immediately after my press has stored the power or after a considerable interval,as convenience may require.

Moditications may be made in the details Without sacrificing the advantages of the invention. The nuts O may be made of any thickness desired, or re-enforced by keys. The rods O andthe nuts or other provisions thereon may be increased in number; but I believe four is the best number.

It will be understood that packing and oth er ordinary appliances are used at all the joints required.

vThe-extension ofthe rod b2 upward from the piston g and out through the stufng-box in the upperend of the cylinder G serves to indicate the exact position of the plunger, which might not otherwise be easily determined in solne conditions of the compound apparatus, and it can serve, by any ordinary or suitable appliance, (not showin) as a means of raising or of holding the upper plunger and its connections in an elevated position for any required period, and for the purpose of introducing into the lower or second cylinder, H, a renewal of the supply of oil, water, etc., needed for the waste or leakage lost through the packing or otherwise during the work.

I can carry the multiplication of cylinders and pistons still further. The piston g and its connections may exert a high pressure on a second piston, and its plunger may, instead of being applied directly to the work, exert a still higher pressure in a third cylinder, and so on; but I do not deem it generally necessary to carry the compounding beyond the two herein' shown.

The form of valves may be varied indelinitely.

I claim as my inventionl. rIhe compound hydraulic press described, composed of two or more cylinders and pistons, G g H h, mounted in line, and connected by the rods 0 and cross-plates P P2 P3, combined and arranged for joint operation substantially as and for the purposes herein specified.

2. The combination, with a compound hydraulic press having a quantity of inelastic iiuid imprisoned between the plunger g and the piston h, of the supply-vessel Q and connecting-passage q, arranged to supply additional iiuid when the plunger' g is in its extreme raised position, and to cutoff the escape by the descent. of the plunger, as herein specifled.

ln testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 13th day of June, 1879, in the ypresence of ltwo subscribing witnesses.

' GEO. WEBB.

Witnesses IRVIN RUTLEDGE, A. MONTGOMERY.

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